Linux-Foundation CKAD Exam Dumps

Name: CKAD
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SKU: CKAD
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Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) Program

Total Questions : 48

Update Date : July 06, 2026

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Linux-Foundation CKAD Sample Question Answers

Question # 1

Context You are asked to deploy an application developed for an older version of Kubernetes on a cluster running a recent version of Kubernetes . You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score. [candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00026 Task Fix any API -deprecation issues in the manitest file /home/candidate/credible-mite/web.yaml so that the application can be deployed on cluster ckad00026. The application was developed for Kubernetes v1.15. The cluster ckad00026 runs Kubernetes 1.29+. Deploy the application specified in the updated manifest file /home/candidate/credible-mite/web.yaml in namespace garfish .

Answer: See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
ssh ckad00026
Your job is to edit /home/candidate/credible-mite/web.yaml so it uses APIs supported on
Kubernetes 1.29+, then deploy it into namespace garfish.
Because I can’t see your file from here, the most reliable exam approach is:
run a server-side dry-run to reveal the exact deprecated/removed APIs and
schema errors
edit the manifest to the modern API versions/fields
re-run dry-run until it passes
apply for real and verify rollout
1) Go to the manifest and run a server-side dry-run
cd /home/candidate/credible-mite
ls -l
sed -n '1,200p' web.yaml
Make sure the namespace exists:
kubectl get ns garfish || kubectl create ns garfish
Now run a server-side dry-run (this catches removed APIs on the cluster):
kubectl apply -n garfish -f web.yaml --dry-run=server
Whatever errors you get here tell you exactly what to fix.
2) Fix the common v1.15 v1.29 API deprecations
Edit the file:
vi web.yaml
Below are the most common objects from older manifests and how to update them for
1.29+.
A) Deployments / DaemonSets / StatefulSets
Old (v1.15 often used):
extensions/v1beta1 or apps/v1beta1 or apps/v1beta2
New:
apiVersion: apps/v1
Also in apps/v1, .spec.selector is required and must match the pod template labels.
Example conversion:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: web
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: web
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: web
spec:
containers:
- name: web
image: nginx
Key rule:
spec.selector.matchLabels must exactly match spec.template.metadata.labels (at least for
the keys you select on).
B) Ingress
Old:
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 (or networking.k8s.io/v1beta1)
New:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
Required changes:
spec.rules.http.paths[].pathType is required (usually Prefix)
backend format changes from serviceName/servicePort to
service.name/service.port.number (or .name for named ports)
Old backend:
backend:
serviceName: web
servicePort: 80
New backend:
backend:
service:
name: web
port:
number: 80
Full path example:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: web
spec:
rules:
- host: example.local
http:
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: web
port:
number: 80
C) CronJob
Old:
apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
New:
apiVersion: batch/v1
Most fields stay the same; just update apiVersion.
D) PodDisruptionBudget
Old:
policy/v1beta1
New:
policy/v1
spec.selector/minAvailable/maxUnavailable remain, but apiVersion changes.
E) RBAC
Usually already:
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 (this is fine)
F) Removed APIs you must delete/replace
If you see these in a v1.15-era manifest, they are removed in modern clusters:
PodSecurityPolicy (policy/v1beta1) is removed. You cannot deploy it on 1.29+.
Remove it from the manifest (or replace with whatever your environment uses, but
for CKAD tasks you usually delete PSP sections from the file).
Some old admission/alpha resources also removed.
If dry-run complains “no matches for kind … in version …”, that’s your cue.
3) Re-run dry-run until it succeeds
After you edit:
kubectl apply -n garfish -f web.yaml --dry-run=server
Keep iterating until there are no errors.
4) Deploy for real
kubectl apply -n garfish -f /home/candidate/credible-mite/web.yaml
5) Verify everything in namespace garfish
List what was created:
kubectl -n garfish get all
kubectl -n garfish get ingress 2>/dev/null || true
If there is a Deployment, verify rollout:
kubectl -n garfish get deploy
kubectl -n garfish rollout status deploy --all
Check pods/events if something fails:
kubectl -n garfish get pods -o wide
kubectl -n garfish describe pod <pod-name>
kubectl -n garfish get events --sort-by=.lastTimestamp | tail -n 30

Question # 2

You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score. [candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00029 Task Modify the existing Deployment named store-deployment, running in namespace grubworm, so that its containers run with user ID 10000 and have the NET_BIND_SERVICE capability added The store-deployment 's manifest file Click to copy /home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml

Answer: See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
ssh ckad00029
You must modify the existing Deployment store-deployment in namespace grubworm so
that its containers:
run as user ID 10000
have Linux capability NET_BIND_SERVICE added
And you’re told to use the manifest file at:
/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml (note: the filename looks
misspelled; follow it exactly on the host)
1) Inspect the current Deployment and locate the manifest file
kubectl -n grubworm get deploy store-deployment
ls -l /home/candidate/daring-moccasin/
Open the manifest:
sed -n '1,200p' "/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml"
2) Edit the manifest to add SecurityContext
Edit the file:
vi "/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml"
2.1 Set Pod-level runAsUser = 10000
Under:
spec.template.spec add:
securityContext:
runAsUser: 10000
2.2 Add NET_BIND_SERVICE capability at container-level
Under the container spec (for each container in containers:), add:
securityContext:
capabilities:
add: ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"]
A complete example of what it should look like (mind indentation):
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: store-deployment
namespace: grubworm
spec:
template:
spec:
securityContext:
runAsUser: 10000
containers:
- name: store
image: someimage
securityContext:
capabilities:
add: ["NET_BIND_SERVICE"]
Important notes:
runAsUser can be set at Pod level (applies to all containers) or per-container. Podlevel is cleanest if all containers should run as 10000.
Capabilities must be set per-container (that’s where Kubernetes supports it).
Save and exit.
3) Apply the updated manifest
kubectl apply -f "/home/candidate/daring-moccasin/store-deplovment.vaml"
4) Ensure the Deployment rolls out
kubectl -n grubworm rollout status deploy store-deployment
5) Verify the settings are in effect
Check the rendered pod template:
kubectl -n grubworm get deploy store-deployment -o
jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.securityContext}{"\n"}'
kubectl -n grubworm get deploy store-deployment -o
jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[0].securityContext}{"\n"}'
Verify on a running pod:
kubectl -n grubworm get pods
kubectl -n grubworm describe pod <pod-name> | sed -n '/Security Context:/,/Containers:/p'
kubectl -n grubworm describe pod <pod-name> | sed -n '/Containers:/,/Conditions:/p'
If there are multiple containers
Repeat the container-level securityContext.capabilities.add block for each container under
spec.template.spec.containers.

Question # 3

Context An existing web application must be exposed externally. You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score. [candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00025 An application externally using the URL external.sterling-bengal.local . Any requests starting with / must be routed to the application web-app. To test the web application's external reachability, run [candidate@ckad00025] $ curl http://external.sterling-bengal.local/ or open this URL in the remote desktop's browser.

Question # 4

You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score. [candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00044 Task: Update the existing Deployment busybox running in the namespace rapid-goat . First, change the container name to musl. Next, change the container image to busybox:musl . Finally, ensure that the changes to the busybox Deployment, running in the namespace rapid-goat, are rolled out.

Question # 5

Context You are asked to allow a Pod to communicate with two other Pods but nothing else. You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score. ! [candidate@base] $ ssh ckad000 18 charming-macaw namespace to use a NetworkPolicy allowing the Pod to send and receive traffic only to and from the Pods front and db. All required NetworkPolicies have already been created. You must not create, modify or delete any NetworkPolicy while working on this task. You may only use existing NetworkPolicies .

Answer: See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
ssh ckad00018
You cannot create/modify/delete any NetworkPolicy.
So the only way to make the existing policies “take effect” is to ensure the right Pods have
the labels/selectors those policies expect.
The task: in namespace charming-macaw, configure things so the target Pod can send +
receive traffic ONLY to/from Pods front and db.
1) Inspect what NetworkPolicies already exist (don’t change them)
kubectl -n charming-macaw get netpol
kubectl -n charming-macaw get netpol -o wide
Dump them to see the selectors they use:
kubectl -n charming-macaw get netpol -o yaml
You are looking for policies that:
select the restricted pod via spec.podSelector
and allow ingress/egress only with selectors that match front and db
often there’s also a “default deny” policy.
2) Identify the Pods and their current labels
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pods -o wide
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pods --show-labels
Specifically inspect labels for front and db:
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pod front --show-labels
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pod db --show-labels
(If they’re Deployments instead of single Pods, do:)
kubectl -n charming-macaw get deploy --show-labels
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pods -l app=front --show-labels
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pods -l app=db --show-labels
3) Figure out which pod is “the Pod” to restrict
Usually there’s a third pod (e.g., backend, api, app) besides front and db.
List pods again and identify the “other” one:
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pods
Let’s assume the pod to restrict is called app (replace as needed):
TARGET=<pod-to-restrict>
4) Match the existing NetworkPolicy selectors by labeling pods (allowed)
Because you can’t edit NetworkPolicies, you must make labels on Pods (or their
controllers) match the policies’ selectors.
4.1 Determine the label required on the TARGET pod
From the YAML, find the policy that selects the restricted pod, e.g.:
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
role: restricted
Extract podSelector from each policy quickly:
kubectl -n charming-macaw get netpol -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{" =>
"}{.spec.podSelector}{"\n"}{end}'
Pick the selector that is meant for the restricted pod, then apply it to the TARGET pod
(example: role=restricted):
kubectl -n charming-macaw label pod $TARGET role=restricted --overwrite
Best practice (if the pod is managed by a Deployment): label the Deployment template
instead, so it persists.
Find the owner:
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pod $TARGET -o
jsonpath='{.metadata.ownerReferences[0].kind}{"
"}{.metadata.ownerReferences[0].name}{"\n"}'
If it’s a ReplicaSet, find its Deployment:
RS=$(kubectl -n charming-macaw get pod $TARGET -o
jsonpath='{.metadata.ownerReferences[0].name}')
kubectl -n charming-macaw get rs $RS -o jsonpath='{.metadata.ownerReferences[0].kind}{"
"}{.metadata.ownerReferences[0].name}{"\n"}'
Then label the Deployment (example):
kubectl -n charming-macaw label deploy <DEPLOYMENT_NAME> role=restricted --
overwrite
4.2 Ensure front and db match what the allow-rules reference
Look inside the allow policy ingress.from / egress.to. You might see something like:
from:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
name: front
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
name: db
So you must ensure:
front pod has name=front
db pod has name=db
Apply labels (examples—use what the policy expects):
kubectl -n charming-macaw label pod front name=front --overwrite
kubectl -n charming-macaw label pod db name=db --overwrite
Again, if they’re Deployments, label the Deployment instead:
kubectl -n charming-macaw label deploy front name=front --overwrite
kubectl -n charming-macaw label deploy db name=db --overwrite
5) Verify the NetworkPolicies now “select” the right pods
Check which labels each pod has now:
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pods --show-labels
Confirm the restricted pod matches the NetPol podSelector:
kubectl -n charming-macaw get netpol <POLICY_NAME> -o
jsonpath='{.spec.podSelector}{"\n"}'
kubectl -n charming-macaw get pod $TARGET --show-labels
6) Functional verification (quick network tests)
Exec into the restricted pod and try to reach:
front allowed
db allowed
anything else blocked
If busybox has wget:
kubectl -n charming-macaw exec -it $TARGET -- sh -c 'wget -qO- http://front 2>/dev/null ||
true'
kubectl -n charming-macaw exec -it $TARGET -- sh -c 'wget -qO- http://db 2>/dev/null ||
true'
Test something that should be blocked (example: kubernetes service DNS name):
kubectl -n charming-macaw exec -it $TARGET -- sh -c 'wget -qOhttps://kubernetes.default.svc 2>/dev/null || echo "blocked"'
Also test inbound (from front to target, and from db to target) if the target listens on a port;
otherwise inbound testing may be limited.
What you’re doing conceptually
Existing NetPols are already correct.
Your job is to make pod labels match the NetPol selectors so: